Goats are also resilient to high temperatures and drought. With these advantages, goats are predicted to become a sustainable source of food security, economically viable, and adaptive to climate change in the future.

According to the 2018 FAO report, when the population of other livestock decreases, the goat population is expected to surpass that of sheep. 

As of 2023, goats are the most productive livestock in Indonesia, with a population of 19.398 million, compared to cattle, which number 18.6 million.

Professor Kustantinah of the UGM Faculty of Animal Science believes that Indonesia’s abundant natural resources will increase the goat population by 3.2% annually and further. 

“The development of livestock throughout Indonesia can be done in suitable environments by empowering existing universities,” she said Friday (Feb. 7).

The Head of the Department of Nutrition and Animal Feed at Animal Science UGM mentioned that Indonesia currently has around 59 faculties of animal science. 

With collaboration, livestock development is expected to be easier to implement.

To boost meat production, meat-type goats, such as Bligon, Kacang, and Marica goats, should be developed. 

“The demand for meat-type goats is quite high, especially during Eid al-Adha (sacrificial feast), and even for export purposes, the potential remains wide open,” she explained.

She also advocated for a Livestock Development Plan involving higher education institutions every five years, or REPELITA, to increase the goat population in Indonesia.

At Animal Science UGM, Professor Kustantinah mentioned several goat development activities have been conducted by staff from the Laboratory of Animal Feed Science in collaboration with other laboratories within the Department of Nutrition and Animal Feed. 

One such initiative is a community service program in a foster village in Nyemani Hamlet, Sidoharjo Village, Samigaluh District, Kulon Progo Regency. 

“The development of goat farming there is mostly managed by women’s farmer groups (KWT), as seen in Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, and Sleman,” she concluded.

Reporter: Animal Science UGM/Satria

Author: Agung Nugroho

Post-editor: Afifudin Baliya

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Artikel UGM Professor Encourages Collaboration of Animal Science Faculties in Indonesia to Increase Goat Population pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Therefore, clean and disease-free eggs are essential to prevent the spread of diseases that can affect public health, such as typhoid. 

“This disease occurs in eggs contaminated with Salmonella bacteria,” said Salma Nur Azizah, a 2022 UGM Faculty of Animal Science (Animal Science UGM) student, Thursday (Feb. 6).

In response to this issue, Azizah, along with fellow student Mohammad Rizky Zulfahmi, proposed using ultraviolet C (UV-C) light to combat Salmonella bacteria in the layer chicken farming industry. 

Azizah explained that UV-C light has the shortest wavelength among other ultraviolet rays. Based on various references they studied, UV-C light is strong enough to damage bacterial DNA, including Salmonella. 

“Using UV-C light to combat Salmonella contamination is an effective and simple method. UV-C light stops the growth of pathogenic bacteria by breaking their DNA chains,” she explained.

Zulfahmi added that the UV-C system designed to combat Salmonella bacteria consists of several parts: a control panel, sterilization plastic, egg tray, machine wheels, frame, gear wheels, conveyor belt, and UV-C light. 

Specifically, UV-C light can kill Salmonella bacteria in 10-15 minutes, depending on the wavelength and exposure time. 

“Installing UV-C light on the conveyor after grading can optimize time efficiency in industrial-scale operations. Therefore, it is important to introduce this UV-C sterilization method to the layer chicken farming industry to enhance food safety and quality,” Zulfahmi elaborated.

The creative idea from these two Animal Science students, under the supervision of Galuh Adi Insani, won 2nd place in the Poultry Literacy Competition held by Universitas Padjadjaran’s Poultry Professional Group from Aug. 27 to Sept. 26, 2024.

Report: Animal Science UGM/Satria

Author: Agung Nugroho 

Post-editor: Afifudin Baliya

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Artikel UGM Students Propose Using UV-C Light to Combat Salmonella Bacteria in Chicken Eggs pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

The two professors are Professor Tri Satya Mastuti Widi, inaugurated as professor of livestock production systems, and Professor Panjono, inaugurated as professor of livestock production at Animal Science UGM.

These two animal science experts complemented each other and discussed the importance of animal science for society’s broader needs. 

In his inaugural speech, “Development of the Livestock Industry Towards a Golden Indonesia 2045,” Professor Panjono explained that the fulfillment of the meat supply as part of the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program, which aims to improve the quality of education and children’s health by providing nutritious food, is crucial to supporting the program. 

“Meat contains many essential nutrients for the body, such as proteins, iron, zinc, selenium, and vitamins,” he said.

Chicken, beef, and buffalo meat primarily dominate meat consumption in Indonesia. However, unlike broiler chickens, which can meet demand due to a surplus, beef and buffalo meat still experience a deficit. 

This deficit arises from the lower production of beef and buffalo meat, which stands at 496.25 thousand tons compared to the national demand of 759.67 thousand tons.

This shortfall has been met through meat or live cattle imports. However, relying on imports is not ideal for national food independence, according to him. 

“Meeting meat demand by increasing domestic production will enhance food sovereignty and provide added value for the livestock industry,” he stated.

He further elaborated that strategic steps must be taken to develop a livestock industry that meets national needs and increases farmers’ income. 

These include improving genetic quality, applying efficient farming techniques, developing production systems, and optimizing business scales. 

“These steps must be outlined in short, medium, and long-term programs so that the goal of independently meeting national meat demand can be achieved alongside the realization of the Golden Indonesia 2045 Vision,” Professor Panjono concluded.

Similarly, Professor Tri Satya Mastuti Widi raised related issues in her inaugural speech, “Designing Sustainable Livestock Production Systems with a Holistic Approach Based on Local Wisdom.” She explained that a sustainable livestock production system could help address food security issues in Indonesia.

Professor Widi stated that food and energy availability are crucial and longstanding issues for many countries worldwide, and Indonesia is no exception. 

She explained that red meat, particularly beef, is a traditional source of animal protein in Indonesia, but there is still a gap between production and consumption. 

“Reflecting on projections of beef production and consumption in Indonesia for 2023–2027, a gap between production and consumption remains,” Professor Widi explained.

She further noted that this deficit is partly due to differences between government programs and farmers’ goals. 

Professor Widi then discussed various efforts to meet food needs, explaining that every effort to increase food production has impacts on the environment, biodiversity, animal welfare, and human health. 

Therefore, a sustainable approach that appreciates local wisdom is needed to ensure that future food production does not compromise human health, biodiversity, animal welfare, or the environment. 

“Research and development should be directed towards the contribution of agricultural/livestock production systems to sustainable development through a holistic approach that recognizes farmers’ dual objectives and related trade-offs,” she emphasized.

In her closing remarks, Professor Widi presented several ideas related to the sustainability of livestock production systems, particularly in livestock development. 

These include paying attention to local production systems and local wisdom, analyzing trade-offs and impacts in every production system’s progress, improving local production systems, land use sharing, and utilizing marginal land, as well as synergistic, comprehensive, and conducive government policies. 

She added that the success of this design requires collaboration from all stakeholders and government support to make it a reality.

Author: Leony

Editor: Gusti Grehenson

Post-editor: Afifudin Baliya

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Artikel UGM Professors Discuss Livestock Industry Strategies for Golden Indonesia 2045 pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

It contains approximately 14-19% crude protein, making it a potential livestock feed, as explained by Professor Zuprizal, a researcher from the Animal Feed Science Laboratory (IMT) at the Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada (Animal Science UGM), during the Fapet Menyapa event on Friday, Jan. 24, discussing the potential of feed additives for livestock feed.

Professor Zuprizal mentioned that Indonesia’s annual feed production is about 20 million tons, and the optimal proportion of palm kernel cake used in broiler chicken feed formulation is 10%, supplemented with essential amino acids and enzymes. 

“There is potential to use around 2 million tons of palm kernel cake for broiler chicken feed,” said Professor Zuprizal.

He further explained that using 10% palm kernel cake in broiler feed could reduce the use of corn by approximately 9% and soybean meal by around 3%. 

“This would result in savings, especially since soybean meal is still imported,” he added.

However, due to the high fiber content, particularly mannans in palm kernel cake, supplementation with external enzymes like mannanase, NSPase, and protease is needed to improve nutrient digestibility, which in turn enhances productivity, carcass quality, and the digestive health of broiler chickens.

The IMT team also presented several research examples of feed additives using nanoparticle technology for broiler chickens, such as nanotechnology turmeric extract, nanotechnology cardamom extract, nanoemulsion lemongrass essential oil extract, and soursop leaf extract.

Alongside Professor Zuprizal, the IMT team present at Fapet Menyapa included Professor Kustantinah, Dr. Aji Praba Baskara, Dr. Nanung Danar Dono, Dr. Insani Hubi Zulfa, and Dr. Aeni Nur Latifah.

Reporter: Animal Science UGM/Satria

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Artikel Palm Kernel Cake Potential as Additional Livestock Feed pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Responding to the dairy cow import policy to fulfill the milk demand for the MBG program, Professor Widodo from the Faculty of Animal Science at Universitas Gadjah Mada advised the government to plan technical aspects carefully. 

He also emphasized the need for caution to prevent the spread of new diseases and the risk of declining dairy cow productivity.

He explained that amid the surge in Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) cases, there is a potential for an increase in its spread. In fact, livestock already infected with FMD are at risk of losing productivity.

“We should avoid increasing disease spread. If an outbreak occurs, it will be difficult to manage. Hence, caution is needed,” Professor Widodo told reporters on Thursday (Jan. 16).

According to him, imported dairy cows must go through a strict quarantine process to prevent the introduction of viruses or even new diseases. 

“Currently, the world is alarmed by the spread of viruses that originally affected animals and then transferred to humans,” he noted.

Professor Widodo emphasized that import companies must also bring in quality forage feed sourced from pre-prepared land during the strict quarantine process. 

“Cows need food. Is there sufficient forage land ready? How much land is required for 100 cows? For 100,000? For a million? Sometimes government programs make sense, but they are bombastic,” he commented.

“As an academic, I must honestly say that this program has benefits, provided it is organized, structured, and planned rationally,” he explained.

Professor Widodo agreed with the policy of importing dairy cows to meet the demand for free milk, but it must be supported by the availability of land for cows to supply forage and other concentrated feed. 

“Thorough planning is needed, and we must avoid bringing in diseases from outside, especially if there is no land for the cows,” he added.

Author: Kezia Dwina Nathania

Editor: Gusti Grehenson

Post-editor: Afifudin Baliya

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Artikel On Dairy Cow Imports for Free Meal Program, UGM Expert Questions Readiness of Forage Land for Livestock Feed pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

The new engineers come from the Faculty of Engineering (727), Faculty of Forestry (70), and Faculty of Animal Science (62). With the addition of 727 new graduates, the Faculty of Engineering has successfully produced 4,281 engineers to date. 

The Faculty of Forestry, with the addition of 70 new graduates, has produced 374 engineers, while the Faculty of Animal Science, with 62 new engineers, has produced 747 engineers. In total, UGM has successfully produced 5,402 engineers.

Professor Selo, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, stated that with the inauguration of engineers by UGM and the Indonesian Engineers Association (PII), the graduates can now truly be considered engineers when having just a Bachelor of Engineering degree felt incomplete. 

“But with today’s inauguration, they are officially engineers because they are also inaugurated with PII,” he said at Grha Sabha Pramana.

Professor Selo did not say much on this occasion. He simply reminded everyone of the meaningful words in the Gadjah Mada hymne and the PII hymne. 

“It says to serve, to uphold culture for the glory of the archipelago. Then there’s the PII hymne, and we are all Indonesian engineers needed by this country,” he explained.

Once again, he congratulated the newly inaugurated engineers. The UGM engineering graduates are the pride of UGM and the pride of Indonesia, bearing a great responsibility to bring this nation toward becoming a developed country. 

“As engineers, we will certainly face many challenges ahead, not only technical challenges related to engineering but also non-technical challenges that can sometimes be even more difficult to overcome,” he added.

Several officials attended the inauguration of the new engineers, including Teguh Haryono, the Secretary General of PII; Santi Sirat, the Executive Director of PII; and the Deans and Vice Deans of the Faculties of Engineering, Forestry, and Animal Science. 

In his speech, Teguh Haryono conveyed that Indonesia’s grand vision for 2045 is to make industry one of the main pillars determining the nation’s competitiveness. 

He said technological advancement, strengthening manufacturing capacity, and developing superior human resources are key to achieving this vision. 

“We, as engineers, have a strategic role in integrating technological innovation with societal needs,” he stated.

In Haryono’s view, engineers are agents of change who can bridge the gap between academic potential and practical applications in the industrial world. 

The triple helix model, consisting of academia, industry, and government, must be continuously strengthened to create an ecosystem that supports industrial transformation. 

“In this context, UGM has demonstrated its outstanding commitment to producing high-quality engineers ready to contribute to various sectors,” he explained.

“According to the data we received, UGM has produced approximately 5,402 engineers, and across Indonesia, there are currently around 28,000 engineers, with UGM contributing the most among the 45 universities that offer the Professional Engineering Education Program (PSBPI).”

Author: Agung Nugroho

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Artikel UGM Largest Contributor to Professional Engineers in Indonesia, Produces 5,402 Engineers to Date pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Zubaidah is the first non-teaching staff (tendik) to receive a doctoral degree after successfully defending her dissertation, “The Use of Palm Kernel Cake with Enzyme Supplementation for Productivity, Carcass Quality, and Gut Health of Broiler Chickens.” 

“Alhamdulillah, I’m certainly happy to have finished on time, as per my initial three-year target,” Zubaidah said after the defense.

Zubaidah was interested in researching palm kernel cake due to its potential as livestock feed. Palm kernel cake is a by-product of palm kernel oil production. Its production is relatively high in Indonesia, and it contains 14% – 19% crude protein, making it a potential feed source, particularly for poultry. 

However, palm kernel cake has the drawback of containing high levels of crude fiber, especially mannan. 

Poultry lacks the enzyme to degrade mannan, making it necessary to supplement with external enzymes such as mannanase, NSPase, and protease to improve nutrient digestibility. This results in increased productivity, better carcass quality, and improved gut health in broiler chickens.

Zubaidah completed her doctoral program in 2 years and 11 months under the supervision of Professor Zuprizal (promoter), Dr. Bambang Ariyadi (co-promoter), and Professor Chusnul Hanim (co-promoter). 

She also revealed that her journey to complete her doctoral studies was supported by her family. 

“Coincidentally, my husband is also a graduate of the Faculty of Animal Science at Diponegoro University, so he could be a discussion partner during my studies,” she said.

Zubaidah did not forget to express her gratitude to the staff at the IMT Laboratory and the leadership of the Faculty of Animal Science. With the results she has achieved, Zubaidah hopes to inspire other non-teaching staff to continue learning and improving their knowledge in their respective fields. 

“It certainly requires effort. I had to write my dissertation and journal at night, and I even spent my weekends completing my tasks,” the mother of two sons recalled.

Zubaidah began her education with a bachelor’s degree at the UGM Faculty of Animal Science in 2000 and continued her master’s degree at UGM’s Graduate School in 2010. Born in Sleman on Oct. 2, 1981, she completed her doctoral studies independently and was registered as a student in the 2021 doctoral cohort at the UGM Faculty of Animal Science.

Reporting by: Animal Science UGM/Satria

Author: Triya Andriyani

Post-editor: Afifudin Baliya

Artikel UGM Laboratory Technician Earns Doctorate in Animal Feed Science pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Considering the rising number of FMD cases both in DIY and nationwide, UGM’s Faculty of Animal Science (Animal Science UGM) promptly established a task force as a preventive and responsive measure to address the FMD situation in DIY and across Indonesia.

“Due to the increasing number of FMD cases in DIY and nationally, the faculty decided to form a task force,” said the Dean of Animal Science UGM, Professor Budi Guntoro, on Monday, Jan. 6, 2025.

According to Professor Guntoro, the FMD Task Force’s responsibilities include ensuring that FMD prevention and treatment can be carried out more swiftly and systematically. 

The faculty team has conducted a preliminary survey at livestock sites affected by FMD in Gunungkidul. 

“We have conducted an initial survey at the livestock locations affected by FMD,” added Professor Guntoro.

Another important step that needs to be taken concerning FMD, he said, is biosecurity. 

Biosecurity refers to measures taken to prevent the transmission or contamination of diseases into or out of a location.

In this case, it aims to protect livestock from viruses at an early stage. 

Ensuring the safety of livestock, humans, and the environment is a priority. 

Therefore, concrete actions such as monitoring the movement in and out of barns and isolating livestock affected by FMD are necessary.

As is known, hundreds of livestock, especially cattle in DIY, have been infected with FMD, with several deaths reported. 

FMD cases have been reported in Gunungkidul, Bantul, Sleman, and Kulon Progo.

Report by: Animal Science UGM/Satria

Author: Agung Nugroho

Post-editor: Lintang Andwyna Nurseisa Azrien

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Artikel cFoot-and-Mouth Disease Resurges, UGM Faculty of Animal Science Forms Task Force pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

The conference, themed “Nagoya Protocol in Nagoya: wise and harmonized use of bioresources in the international community,” gathered academics and researchers from across Asia.  

The UGM delegation was led by Professor Budi Guntoro, Dean of Animal Science at UGM and Second Vice President of AAACU, accompanied by Dr. Andriyani Astuti, Vice Dean for Finance, Assets, and Human Resources at Animal Science UGM. Distinguished speakers included Dr. Mutsuaki Suzuki from the National Institute of Genetics and Dr. Hiroshi Kiyono from the University of Tokyo.  

Professor Guntoro emphasized that the conference highlighted the importance of utilizing bioresources wisely and harmoniously within the international community, particularly in the biodiversity-rich tropical regions of Asia. 

He remarked that UGM’s participation reaffirmed its commitment to strengthening international collaboration and sharing expertise in agriculture and animal science.  

During the forum, Professor Guntoro delivered a presentation on innovations in education and research in animal science. Meanwhile, Dr. Astuti contributed to a panel discussion on sustainable agricultural policies in Asia.  

“This participation demonstrates Animal Science UGM’s commitment to continuous innovation and collaboration on an international scale,” said Professor Guntoro. 

“We hope that through UGM’s involvement in this forum, we can share knowledge and experiences while learning from other institutions to collectively advance agriculture and animal science.”  

He noted that the forum was attended by representatives from 33 universities across Asia and the United States. Beyond knowledge exchange, the conference strengthened professional networks among AAACU members.  

“Our goal is to continue contributing to the development of the agricultural and livestock sectors through robust international collaborations,” Professor Guntoro concluded.  

Reporters: Animal Science UGM/Febriyanto & Satria

Author: Agung Nugroho

Artikel Animal Science UGM Delegation Attends 24th AAACU Biennial Conference in Nagoya, Japan pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.

This program targets the Jamblang Genthong Community in Karangtengah Village, Bantul Regency, to help local farmers with economic and environmental challenges.  

Led by Dr. Muhlisin, the program introduces the Low Protein Diet (LPD) technology for layer chickens. This innovative approach aims to reduce feed costs while lowering the carbon footprint of farming activities. 

Dr. Muhlisin highlighted this technology’s dual benefits for the environment and farmers’ livelihoods. The low-protein feed is made from locally available corn and rice bran. 

“Besides being more economical, this feed reduces ammonia emissions from chicken waste, which significantly contributes to nitrogen pollution. This technology represents a tangible step towards sustainable farming,” Dr. Muhlisin explained on Wednesday (Dec. 11).  

Ten young members of the Jamblang Genthong Community were selected as farming partners for the program. They received training on managing free-range layer chickens on a 300 m² plot owned by the community.  

The dissemination of low-protein feed technology aims to improve the well-being of the chickens and support long-term egg productivity. The community youth were also mentored on independently producing low-protein feed. 

“By utilizing abundant local resources such as corn and rice bran, this program helps reduce production costs, which have been a major challenge for small-scale farmers,” Dr. Muhlisin noted.  

Beyond feed production, the program emphasized the importance of packaging and marketing. Participants were trained to package eggs with eco-friendly designs that appeal to environmentally conscious consumers. 

Marketing strategies were also part of the training, ensuring that the eggs produced through this initiative could reach broader markets.  

The program has garnered full support from Animal Science UGM in collaboration with the Jamblang Genthong Community and funding from the Directorate of Community Service at UGM. 

Regular monitoring and evaluation ensure participants’ understanding and the successful implementation of the technology in the field. The eggs produced under this program are of high quality and are ready to compete in the market.  

Through this program, Animal Science UGM aims to create new economic opportunities for the youth of Karangtengah Village while offering a concrete solution to the environmental impact of layer chicken farming.  

Sarjianto, Chair of the Jamblang Genthong Community, expressed his appreciation for the empowerment program, noting that it has effectively equipped community members with the knowledge to manage free-range layer chicken farming. 

He also acknowledged the economic improvements brought by the initiative, stating that it serves as a stepping stone toward economic independence and sustainable farming. 

“We hope this program becomes a replicable model for other regions in Indonesia,” he remarked.  

Reporter: Animal Science UGM/Satria

Author: Agung Nugroho

Artikel UGM Develops Low-Protein Feed Technology for Layer Chickens pertama kali tampil pada Universitas Gadjah Mada.